Montelukast Sodium
Montelukast
is a member of quinolines, a monocarboxylic acid and an aliphatic sulfide. It has a role as a leukotriene
antagonist, an anti-asthmatic drug and an anti-arrhythmiadrug. It is a
leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) used for the maintenance treatment of
asthma and to relieve symptoms of seasonal allergies. It is usually
administered orally. Montelukast blocks the action of leukotriene D4 on the
cysteinylleukotrienereceptor CysLT1 in the lungs and bronchial tubes by binding
to it. This reduces the bronchoconstriction otherwise caused by the
leukotriene, and results in less inflammation. Because of its method of
operation, it is not useful for the treatment of acute asthma attacks. Again
because of its very specific locus of operation, it does not interact with
other allergy medications such as theophylline.
Fimasartan
Trihydrate Potassium
Fimasartan
Potassium is an anti- hypertensive agent comes under the therapeutic category
of Anti-hypertensive and consider as an angiotensin II receptor antagonist
(ARB) drug employed in the treatment of both hypertension and heart failure. It
was also approved by the Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA).
Antihypertensive capture a huge market size in India as well as in export
countries too.It is a pyrimidine-4(3H)-one derivative of losartan and provides
a higher potency and stronger efficacy than losartan with a quick onset of
antihypertensive effect. Fimasartan is the ninth and latest ARB for the
treatment of hypertension.
Phenylephrine
HCL
PhenylephrineHCl
is a Decongestant agent comes under the Respiratory Therapy and consider as
sympathomimetic amine that acts predominantly on α-adrenergic receptors. It is
mainly used to treat nasal congestion, but may also be useful in treating
hypotension and shock, hypotension during spinal anesthesia, prolongation of
spinal anesthesia, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, symptomatic relief
of external or internal hemorrhoids, and to increase blood pressure as an aid
in the diagnosis of heart murmurs. Various technique like Liquid
Chromatography (LC), High performance
liquid chromatography , Ultra performance liquid chromatography , Gas
Chromatography methods are used in analytical development of the same.
Obeticholic
Acid
Obeticholic
acid, is a semi-synthetic bile acid analogue which has the chemical structure
6α-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid. It is used as a drug to treat primary biliary
cholangitis, and is undergoing development for several other liver diseases and
related disorders.Approval is limited to monotherapy in patient's who are
intolerant to ursodeoxycholic acid, or in combination with ursodeoxycholic acid
in adults who have not responded adequately to ursodeoxyholic acid alone. 1
Obeticholic acid given orally, binds to the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a
receptor found in the nucleus of cells in the liver and intestine. FXR is a key
regulator of bile acid metabolic pathways. Obeticholic acid increases bile flow
from the liver and suppresses bile acid production in the liver, thus reducing
the exposure of the liver to toxic levels of bile acids.
Citicoline
Sodium
Citicoline
(CDP-choline; cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine) is a novel nutrient with a broad
spectrum of benefits for conditions associated with symptoms of neurological
dysfunction shows promise of clinical efficacy in elderly patients with cognitive
deficits, inefficient memory, and early-stage Alzheimer's disease. Citicoline
has also been investigated as a therapy in stroke patient. Despite it was
approved in some countries for treatment Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), the use
of this drug for acute TBI seems to have no field of support anymore, whereas
it may have some benefits in improving the neuro-cognitive state in chronic TBI
patients. It's also recommended to keep in mind acute interventions like
Psychological First Aid (PFA) during acute TBI management. Citicoline plays
several important roles in human physiology, including enhancement of
structural integrity and signaling for cell membranes, support of acetylcholine
synthesis, and synthesis of betaine, a methyl donor. The precise mechanism of
action of Citicoline to treat disease is unknown, but was confirmed, that drug
might increase phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) synthesis and might reverse PtdCho
loss. In addition, was shown, that citicoline modulates phospholipids
metabolism and neurotransmitter levels and appears to improve cognition in some
central nervous system disorders such as bipolar disorder and cocaine
dependence. Bipolar disorder is associated with the highest rates of substance
abuse of any psychiatric disorder. Cocaine use is particularly common in
patients with bipolar disorder.
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